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The ''Österreichisches Wörterbuch'' (English: Austrian Dictionary), abbreviated ''ÖWB'', is the official dictionary of the German language in the Republic of Austria. It is edited by a group of linguists under the authority of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture (''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''). It is the Austrian counterpart to the German ''Duden'' and contains a number of terms unique to Austrian German or that are more frequently used or differently pronounced there. A considerable amount of this "Austrian" vocabulary is also common in Southern Germany, especially Bavaria, and some of it is used in Switzerland as well. The most recent edition is the 42nd from 2012. Since the 39th edition from 2001 the orthography of the ''ÖWB'' was adjusted to the German spelling reform of 1996. This dictionary is also in official use in the Italian province of South Tyrol. ==History== The first edition of the Austrian Dictionary was edited in 1951 on an initiative from the then Austrian minister of education Felix Hurdes. It replaced the old "''Regeln für die deutsche Rechtschreibung nebst Wörterbuch''", a standard work for the German orthography that dated back to pre-World War I times (1879 and 1902). The first edition had 276 pages and around 20.000 entries and was designed for use in the Austrian educational system. At that time, only six years after World War II, Austria was still under allied administration and the Austrian civilian government tried to cut political ties to Germany, including cultural and linguistic reminiscences to the former Nazi regime.〔Peter Utgaard: ''Remembering and Forgetting Nazism''; chapter (''Reversing the Gleichschaltung in Austrian Education'' ); Berghahn Books, 2003, ISBN 978-1-57181-187-5〕 The creation of the Austrian dictionary has to be assessed under these circumstances. The annexation of Austria into Greater Germany in 1938 had also brought a unified official standard form of the German language, that was now revised by referring to pre-war Austrian standards and by including local vocabulary originating from Austro-Bavarian dialects, especially but not exclusively typical Viennese terms. The Austrian dictionary hence defined the Austrian form of Standard German, making it official and obligatory for use in schools and in public administration. For private persons, the business correspondence of companies, publishing houses and newspapers it remained an orthographic recommendation. Since then it was republished and expanded in numerous editions, that were each published in three different versions: a reduced version for primary schools (''Volksschule''), a medium sized version for high schools (''Hauptschule, Gymnasium'') and a full version for the general public. The 35th edition from 1979 was considerably expanded in the listed vocabulary and with the 39th edition from 2001 the reformed German orthography was adopted. This new standardized orthography, that was determined by an international group of experts from Germany, Switzerland and Austria, lead to considerable debates and refusal in Austria. Most newspapers switched to the reformed orthography but some later revoked their decisions and now use either the old version or a separate in-house orthography (''Hausrechtschreibung''). The Austrian dictionary remained with the reformed orthography, only at terms that are differently pronounced in Austria, the orthography differs from the German standard. Nevertheless the ÖWB still includes a considerable amount of unique vocabulary, that was even expanded in the newest 40th edition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Österreichisches Wörterbuch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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